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WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam Sample Questions (Q134-Q139):

NEW QUESTION # 134
What is one task that could be accomplish using a while loop?

• A. A user is asked to enter a password repeatedly until either a correct password is entered or five incorrect attempts have been made.
• B. When the user Inputs a number, the program outputs "True" when the number Is a multiple of 10
• C. After inputting two numbers, the program prints out the larger of the two
• D. The user inputs an integer, and the program prints out whether the number is even or odd and whether the number Is positive, negative, or zero.

Answer: A

Explanation:
A while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. In the context of the given options:
* Option A could use a simple if-else statement to compare two numbers and print the larger one.
* Option B is a classic example of a use case for a while loop. The loop can run until the correct password is entered or the maximum number of attempts is reached.
* Option C could be accomplished with a single if statement to check if the number is a multiple of 10.
* Option D can also be done with an if-else statement to check the properties of the number.
Therefore, the task that is best suited for a while loop is Option B, where the user is asked to enter a password repeatedly until a correct password is entered or a certain number of incorrect attempts have been made. This requires the program to loop through the password prompt and check the conditions after each input, which is what while loops are designed for.

NEW QUESTION # 135
Which problem is solved by DijkStra's shortest path algorithm?

• A. Given an alphabetized list of face entrants and a person's name, is the person entered in the race?
• B. Given the coordinates of five positions, what is the most fuel-efficient flight pain?
• C. Given two newspaper articles what is the greatest sequence of words shared by both articles?
• D. Given an increasing array of numbers is the number 19 in the array?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm is designed to find the shortest path between nodes in a graph. This can be applied to various scenarios, such as routing problems, network optimization, and in this case, determining the most fuel-efficient flight plan. The algorithm works by iteratively selecting the unvisited vertex with the smallest tentative distance from the source, then visiting the neighbors of this vertex and updating their tentative distances if a shorter path is found. This process continues until the destination vertex is reached or all reachable vertices have been visited.
In the context of the given options, Dijkstra's algorithm is best suited for option B, where the goal is to find the most fuel-efficient path (i.e., the shortest path) between multiple points (coordinates of five positions). The algorithm is not designed to solve problems like searching for an element in an array (option A), finding the longest common subsequence (option C), or searching for a name in a list (option D).
References:
* GeeksforGeeks article on Dijkstra's Algorithm1
* Wikipedia page on Dijkstra's Algorithm2
* Programiz explanation of Dijkstra's Algorithm3

NEW QUESTION # 136
A function determines the least common multiple (LCM) of two positive integers (a and b). What should be the input to the function?

• A. L only
• B. a * b
• C. a and L
• D. a and b

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The least common multiple (LCM) of two positive integers a and b is the smallest number that is a multiple of both. A function to compute the LCM requires a and b as inputs to perform the calculation (e.g., using the formula LCM(a, b) = (a * b) / GCD(a, b), where GCD is the greatest common divisor). According to foundational programming principles, the function's inputs must include all values needed to compute the output.
* Task Analysis:
* Goal: Compute LCM of a and b.
* Required inputs: The two integers a and b.
* Output: The LCM (denoted as L in the question).
* Option A: "L only." This is incorrect. L is the output (the LCM), not an input. The function needs a and b to calculate L.
* Option B: "a * b." This is incorrect. The product a * b is used in the LCM formula (LCM = (a * b) / GCD(a, b)), but the function needs a and b separately to compute the GCD and then the LCM.
* Option C: "a and L." This is incorrect. L is the output, not an input, and the function does not need L to compute itself.
* Option D: "a and b." This is correct. The function requires the two integers a and b as inputs to compute their LCM. For example, in Python:
def lcm(a, b):
def gcd(x, y):
while y:
x, y = y, x % y
return x
return (a * b) // gcd(a, b)
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Parameters).
Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Chapter 31: Number-Theoretic Algorithms).
GeeksforGeeks: "LCM of Two Numbers" (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/lcm-of-two-numbers/).

NEW QUESTION # 137
The steps in an algorithm to calculate the positive difference in two given values, x and y, are given in no particular order:

What is the first step of the algorithm?

• A. If y > x, set Diff = y - x.
• B. Set Diff = x - y
• C. Deduce variable Diff
• D. Put Diff to output

Answer: C

Explanation:
The first step in the algorithm to calculate the positive difference between two given values, x and y, is to declare the variable Diff. This is essential as it initializes the variable that will be used to store the calculated difference between x and y. The subsequent steps involve conditional statements and arithmetic operations that utilize this declared variable to compute and store the positive difference. References: N/A (as per image provided) The image shows steps of an algorithm listed in no particular order for calculating the positive difference between two values, making it relevant for understanding or teaching algorithmic logic and sequence.

NEW QUESTION # 138
Which two operators can be used for checking divisibility of a number?
Choose 2 answers.

• A. +
• B. %
• C.